The four canonical Gospels (
that’s the four that we have in the Bible) – Matthew, Mark, Luke and John – are very similar but also quite different. In each of the gospels we receive a different “portrait” of Jesus. What I mean by that is that each one communicates something different about Jesus – different approaches and messages about the same God, if that makes sense. The word gospel literally means “good news”. We are given the word in the very beginning of Mark’s work: “
The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ (the Son of God).” - Mark 1:1
Matthew,
Mark and
Luke are known as the synoptic gospels. Syn meaning “alike” (
as in “synonym”), optic meaning “view” (
as in optical allusion or optometrist). The three synoptic gospels give a similar view of Jesus, a little distinctive from St. John’s fourth (
and last) gospel. One recognizable difference is that St. John’s gospel doesn’t have pure parables, as the other three have.
What you will find as you read and pray through the other three gospels, however, is that what each saint is communicating about Jesus is very different. And that’s a good thing. Those differences should make us feel even better about the Gospel – if they were too similar, many would think it was all just “copying” and that, perhaps, only one person really thought these things.
The four Gospel authors come from different backgrounds, wrote to different audiences, transcribed their gospels at different times and focused on different aspects of Jesus’ ministry, life and mission.
Many Biblical scholars spend their entire lives trying to prove that Mark was written after Matthew, or that there is another source (
called “Q”) that was used (
in addition to Mark) as a sort of “template” (
outline) for both Matthew and Luke. And while those are some really interesting debates and conversations to get into someday, if you really want to, it’s probably far more important for you to focus on the here and now, as you read through the rest.
Here’s a little
BACKGROUND on each, to help you on your way.

Matthew and
John were part of the original twelve apostles (
Mt. 9:9, Jn. 21:24). ~~~~>
Mark and
Luke were not part of the original twelve.
Mark was a young disciple of Jesus’, traveled with St. Paul (
Acts 12:25) and was close with St. Peter (
1 Pet. 5:13).
Luke was a physician who spent a great deal of time with St. Paul. (
Col 4:14, Phl. 1:24 and 2 Tim. 4:11). Luke also wrote the Acts of the Apostles.
Audience
Matthew is writing to Jewish Christians of Palestine.
Possibly originally written in Hebrew (
i.e., the Aramaic dialect), and afterwards translated into Greek, either by Matthew himself or by some person unknown. Though Matthew wrote mainly for the Jews, most were familiar with the Greek language.

Mark is written for a Roman audience.
We know this because there are no allusions
to Jewish Law, or references to Jewish culture like there are in the other Gospels. This
Gospel was written primarily for a group of people who did not know Christ first hand.
Luke is writing to all non-Jewish readers, but especially Greeks who know very little about the Jewish faith.
We know this because he translates all the Hebrew and Aramaic terms into Greek as well as explaining the Jewish Laws, customs and geography. It’s also important to remember that the Greeks admired human perfection and so Luke often shows Jesus as the perfect answer to their quest…the IDEAL.
John is writing to the early Church, close to the end of the First Century.
This Gospel had a much more universal audience (
not necessarily for a particular group of people) than the other Gospels.
<~~~ about the image: "Carpet Pages" were purely decorative, and were so named for their resemblance to eastern carpets. This carpet page from Folio 27v of the Book of Kells depicts the symbols for the four evangelists: Matthew the Man Mark the Lion Luke the Calf (or Bull) John the Eagle (derived from the vision of Ezekiel)
Datelines
Matthew - written before the destruction of Jerusalem (
Matt. 24) which was in 70AD, and some time after the events it records. The probability is that it was written between the years A.D. 60 and 65.
Mark - Just before or just after the destruction of the Temple in 70 A.D., probably about 63 AD.
Luke - It was more than likely written between the years 80-90.
John - Around 90-95 AD, there is great evidence to support this dateline.
Central Themes
Matthew - The central theme is Christ the Messiah and King came to establish a Church.
Mark - The central theme is on action and service, more than teaching.
Luke - The central theme is liberation and healing
John - The central theme is the identity of Jesus, the reality of the Sacramental Church
My hope and prayer is that you would read and pray all four, taking your time as you do. And once you finish with St. John, go back and begin through St. Matthew’s again. You can spend the rest of your life in just the four gospels and they will ever get stale, that’s the beauty (
and depth) of God’s work.
Source:
The Bible Geek over @
Holy Spirit Interactive Youth
Re-post from 5-29-2008
May 20th, 2009 at 7:41 am
I love this article! It sums up all of the misunderstandings about Catholics in a neat package for me to use.
Unfortunately there are many ex Catholics or lukewarms who belieive this stuff too. I have several in my family who have gone over to non-denominational or Protestant faiths and will try to tell me them! The result of poor/non-existant formation or catechesis in their youth? Interestingly enough, I managed to not end up that way, and never got this out of the same formation. Praise God!
We have a lot of work to do. Thanks for providing such a comprehensive list of what we are up against.
May 20th, 2009 at 7:48 am
It never fails to cheer me up thinking that when I get married my parents will have to sell all their worldly belongings and go live on the street to pay the priest to perform the wedding, thus keeping the Pope in all those solid gold diamond-encrusted vestments he wears.
Since we Catholics still maintain that myopic tradition of men that disallows divorce, the best part is that my parents will only ever have to do this once. I can certainly understand the attraction of submitting the entirety of one’s private life to the abstruse scrutiny of a secular court. Though such a prospect is tempting, I must confess that I’ve already milked my parents for all they are worth. So a second go-round just wouldn’t be the same.
Of course, the whole children thing is a huge draw as well. After listening to what Luther and Calvin had to say on the subject, we just couldn’t resist. It is quite easy, after all, to chase down ten or fifteen children. Compare that to memorizing Bible verses! We are particularly drawn by the fact that the secular culture is completely supportive of the Catholic position on this matter. This makes it all even easier.
May 20th, 2009 at 9:18 am
I can see that I have yet to be initiated into the world of anti-Catholic diatribes. The most that has ever happened to me on my blog is that a fellow suggested that it was “interesting” that I was “renumbering” the Ten Commandments. I heard the Church shaking on her foundation at that, but I posted a polite reply and he went away. Nothing like the stuff I read about in Mark’s article. Maybe that’s because nobody reads my blog? I think I like it that way!
May 20th, 2009 at 10:03 am
Don’t forget the extra books we get to add to the Bible!
Not that we would ever read it, of course.
May 20th, 2009 at 10:11 am
I’m in real trouble - my big black book is white. Thanks Mark
May 20th, 2009 at 11:24 am
And my “black book” is actually red-covered. of course what would you expect for a priest who, like all priests, really is an agent of the devil!
May 20th, 2009 at 11:55 am
I don’t know who you people are but I think I love you. Just got confirmed this Easter in the midst of a career in protestant vocational ministry. So glad to clarify just how crazy I am for doing so. Have to run and pick up a gift Crucifix for a friend because I just don’t get that Jesus isn’t on there anymore. Silly me. Keep up the good work!